Ka Laboraro, Mopresidente Biden o phatlalalitse tumellano ea ho fa Intel ka $ 8.5 limilione tse likete ka lichelete tse tobileng le $ 11 bilione ea likalimo tlas'a Molao oa CHIPS le Saense. Intel e tla sebelisa chelete ena bakeng sa masela a eona a liphaephe a Arizona, Ohio, New Mexico le Oregon. Joalokaha ho tlalehiloe koranteng ea rona ea Tšitoe 2023, Molao oa CHIPS o fana ka kakaretso ea $52.7 bilione ea lichelete bakeng sa indasteri ea semiconductor ea US, ho kenyeletsoa $39 bilione ea likhothaletso tsa tlhahiso. Pele ho kabo ea Intel, Molao oa CHIPS o ne o se o abile kakaretso ea $ 1.7 bilione ho GlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, le BAE Systems, ho latela Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
Khatelo-pele mabapi le thuso ea lichelete tlas'a Molao oa CHIPS e bile butle, 'me kabo ea pele e phatlalalitsoe nakong ea selemo ka mor'a hore e fete. Ka lebaka la phallo e liehang, merero e meng e meholo ea masela a semiconductor United States e liehile. TSMC e boetse e hlokometse mathata a ho fumana basebetsi ba tšoanelehang ba kaho. Intel e re tieho e bakoa ke ho lieha ha thekiso.
Linaha tse ling le tsona li abile lichelete ho khothaletsa tlhahiso ea li-semiconductor. Ka Loetse 2023, European Union e ile ea fetisa Molao oa European Chips Act, o bolelang €430 bilione (hoo e ka bang $470 billion) matseteng a sechaba le a poraefete bakeng sa indasteri ea semiconductor. Ka Pulungoana 2023, Japane e ile ea abela ¥ 2 trillion (hoo e ka bang $ 13 billion) bakeng sa tlhahiso ea semiconductor. Taiwan e entse molao ka Pherekhong 2024 ho fana ka likhothatso tsa lekhetho bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa semiconductor. Ka Hlakubele 2023, Korea Boroa e ile ea fetisa bili ea ho fana ka khothatso ea lekhetho bakeng sa mahlale a maano, ho kenyeletsoa li-semiconductors. China e lebelletsoe ho theha letlole le tšehelitsoeng ke mmuso la $ 40 bilione ho thusa indasteri ea eona ea semiconductor.
Ke litebello life tsa tšebeliso ea chelete ea indasteri ea semiconductor (CapEx) selemong see? Molao oa CHIPS o ikemiselitse ho susumetsa tšebeliso ea chelete, empa boholo ba tšusumetso e ke ke ea bonahala ho fihlela ka mor'a 2024. Selemong se fetileng, 'maraka oa semiconductor o ile oa theoha ka mokhoa o soabisang ka 8.2%, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore lik'hamphani tse ngata li nke mokhoa o hlokolosi oa tšebeliso ea chelete ka 2024. Re hakanya hore kakaretso ea semiconductor CapEx ka 2023 e ne e le $169 bilione, phokotseho ea 7% ho tloha 2022. Re bolela esale pele phokotso ea 2% ho CapEx bakeng sa 2024.
Ka ho hlaphoheloa ha 'maraka oa memori le keketseho e lebelletsoeng ea tlhokahalo ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tse ncha tse kang bohlale ba maiketsetso, lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa memori li lebelletsoe ho eketsa tšebeliso ea chelete ka 2024. Samsung e rera ho boloka tšebeliso ea chelete e batlang e bataletse ka 2024 ho $ 37 billion empa ha ea ka ea fokotsa capital. litšenyehelo ka 2023. Micron Technology le SK Hynix li fokolitse haholo tšebeliso ea chelete ka 2023 mme ba rera kholo ea linomoro tse peli ka 2024.
Theko e kholo ka ho fetisisa, TSMC, e rera ho sebelisa chelete e ka bang $ 28 bilione ho $ 32 limilione tse likete ka 2024, ka karolelano ea liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 30, ho fokotseha ha 6% ho tloha 2023. SMIC e rera ho boloka litšenyehelo tsa chelete e ngata, ha UMC e rera ho eketseha ka 10%. GlobalFoundries e lebelletse phokotso ea 61% ea tšebeliso ea chelete ka 2024 empa e tla eketsa tšebeliso ea chelete lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang ka kaho ea lesela le lecha Malta, New York.
Har'a Baetsi ba Lisebelisoa tse Kopantsoeng (IDM), Intel e rera ho eketsa tšebeliso ea chelete ka 2% ka 2024 ho isa ho $ 26.2 bilione. Intel e tla eketsa bokhoni ba bareki ka bobeli le lihlahisoa tsa ka hare. Litšenyehelo tsa lichelete tsa Texas Instruments li lula li le bobebe. TI e rera ho sebelisa chelete e ka bang $ 5 bilione ka selemo ho fihlela 2026, haholo-holo bakeng sa seaparo sa eona se secha se Sherman, Texas. STMicroelectronics e tla fokotsa tšebeliso ea chelete ka 39%, ha Infineon Technologies e tla fokotsa ka 3%.
Samsung, TSMC, le Intel, tse tharo tse sebelisang chelete e ngata ka ho fetisisa, li lebelletsoe ho ikarabella bakeng sa 57% ea litšenyehelo tsa indasteri ea semiconductor ka 2024.
Ke boemo bofe bo nepahetseng ba tšebeliso ea chelete e amanang le 'maraka oa semiconductor? Ho hloka botsitso ha 'maraka oa semiconductor ho tsebahala haholo. Lilemong tse 40 tse fetileng, sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo se theohile ho tloha ho 46% ka 1984 ho ea ho 32% ka 2001. Le hoja ho se tsitse ha indasteri ho fokotsehile ka kholo, sekhahla sa eona sa kholo se fihlile 26% lilemong tse hlano tse fetileng. E theohile ka 12% ka 2021 le 12% ka 2019. Likhamphani tsa Semiconductor li hloka ho rera bokhoni ba tsona bakeng sa lilemo tse tlang. Ho aha lesela le lecha hangata ho nka lilemo tse ka bang peli, 'me ho na le nako e eketsehileng e hlokahalang bakeng sa moralo le lichelete. Ka lebaka leo, karolo ea litšenyehelo tsa chelete ea semiconductor 'marakeng oa semiconductor e fapana haholo, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ka tlase.
2--- Silicon Carbide: Ho ea nakong e ncha ea li-wafers
Karo-karolelano ea litšenyehelo tsa chelete ea semiconductor ho ea boholo ba 'maraka e tloha holimo ho 34% ho ea tlase ho 12%. Karolelano ea lilemo tse hlano e oela pakeng tsa 28% le 18%. Ka nako eohle ho tloha 1980 ho isa 2023, litšenyehelo tsa lichelete li nkile karolo ea 23% ea 'maraka oa semiconductor. Ho sa tsotellehe ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, mokhoa oa nako e telele oa karolelano ena o lula o tsitsitse. Ho ipapisitsoe le kholo e matla ea 'maraka e lebelletsoeng le ho theoha ha litšenyehelo tsa lichelete, re lebelletse hore karolelano ena e tla fokotseha ho tloha ho 32% ka 2023 ho isa ho 27% ka 2024.
Boholo ba likhakanyo li bolela esale pele kholo ea 'maraka oa semiconductor ho tloha ho 13% ho isa ho 20% bakeng sa 2024. Bohlale ba rona ba semiconductor bo bolela esale pele kholo ea 18%. Haeba 2024 e sebetsa ka matla joalo ka ha ho lebelletsoe, lik'hamphani li ka eketsa merero ea tsona ea tšebeliso ea chelete ka nako. Re ka lebella ho bona liphetoho tse ntle ho tšebeliso ea chelete ea semiconductor ka 2024.
Nako ea poso: Apr-08-2024