Metallized Optical Windows: Lisebelisoa tse sa Sebelisoeng ho Precision Optics

Lits'ebetsong tse nepahetseng tsa optics le optoelectronic, likarolo tse fapaneng li bapala karolo e itseng, li sebetsa 'moho ho fihlela mesebetsi e rarahaneng. Hobane likarolo tsena li entsoe ka mekhoa e fapaneng, liphekolo tsa tsona tse kaholimo le tsona lia fapana. Har'a lintho tse sebelisoang haholo,lifensetere tsa mahlotla ka mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebetso. Sehlotšoana se bonahalang se le bonolo empa e le sa bohlokoa kefensetere ea metallized optical—e seng feela “molebeli oa heke” oa tsela ea optical, empa hape ke oa ’netemothusiea tshebetso ya tsamaiso. A re hlahlobeng ka hloko.

Fesetere ea metallized optical ke eng-'me ke hobane'ng ha e e etsa tšepe?

1) Tlhaloso

Ka mantsoe a bonolo, afensetere ea metallized opticalke karolo ea optical eo substrate ea eona-hangata khalase, silika e kopantsoeng, safire, joalo-joalo-e nang le lesela le tšesaane (kapa multilayer) ea tšepe (mohlala, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) e behiloeng ka mathōko a eona kapa libakeng tse khethiloeng ka holim'a metsi ka mekhoa e phahameng ea ho hloekisa e kang mouoane kapa sputtering.

Ho tswa ho e pharaletseng filtering taxonomy, metallized lifensetere baesengli-filters tse tloaelehileng tsa "optical". Lisebelisoa tsa khale (mohlala, bandpass, long-pass) li etselitsoe ho fetisa kapa ho bonahatsa lihlopha tse itseng tsa spectral, ho fetola khanya ea khanya. Anfensetere ea optical, ho fapana le hoo, ke eona e ka sehloohong e sireletsang. E tlameha ho bolokaphetiso e phahamengholim'a sehlopha se pharaletseng (mohlala, VIS, IR, kapa UV) ha u ntse u fanaho arola tikoloho le ho tiisa.

Hantle-ntle, fensetere e entsoeng ka tšepe kesehlopha se khethehilengea fensetere ea optical. Phapang ea eona e hometallization, e fanang ka lits'ebetso ka fensetere e tloaelehileng e ke keng ea fana ka eona.

2) Ke hobane'ng ha metallize? Merero ea mantlha le melemo

Ho roala karolo e bonahalang e pepeneneng ka tšepe ea opaque ho ka utloahala e le ntho e sa utloahaleng, empa ke khetho e bohlale, e susumetsoang ke morero. Metallization hangata e nolofalletsa e le 'ngoe kapa tse ngata ho tse latelang:

(a) Tšireletso ea motlakase ea motlakase (EMI).
Litsamaisong tse ngata tsa elektronike le tsa optoelectronic, li-sensor tse tebileng (mohlala, CCD / CMOS) le lasers li kotsing ea EMI ea ka ntle-'me li ka boela tsa ntša tšitiso ka botsona. Lera e tsoelang pele, e tsamaisang tšepe fensetereng e ka sebetsa joalo kaMotse oa Faraday, e lumellang khanya ho feta ha e ntse e thibela masimo a sa batleheng a RF/EM, kahoo e tsitsisa ts'ebetso ea sesebelisoa.

(b) Khokelo ea motlakase le ho thea fatše
Lera le entsoeng ka metallized ke conductive. Ka ho kopanya letoto ho eona kapa ka ho ikopanya le ntlo ea tšepe, o ka etsa litsela tsa motlakase bakeng sa likarolo tse kenngoeng ka lehlakoreng le ka hare la fensetere (mohlala, li-heaters, lisebelisoa tsa mocheso, li-electrode) kapa u tlamella fensetere fatše ho senya static le ho matlafatsa tšireletso.

(c) Ho tiisoa ha Hermetic
Ena ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ea tšebeliso. Lisebelisoa tse hlokang vacuum e phahameng kapa moea o sa sebetseng (mohlala, li-tubes tsa laser, photomultiplier tubes, li-sensor space), fensetere e tlameha ho kopanngoa le sephutheloana sa tšepe se nang letiiso ea ka ho sa feleng, e ka tšeptjoang haholo. Ho sebelisabrazing, moqomo o entsoeng ka tšepe oa fensetere o kopantsoe le matlo a tšepe ho finyella hermeticity e molemo ho feta ho kopanya sekhomaretsi, ho netefatsa botsitso ba nako e telele ba tikoloho.

(d) Li-apertures le limaske
Metallization ha ea lokela ho koahela bokaholimo bohle; e ka etsoa mohlala. Ho beha mask a tšepe a hlophisitsoeng (mohlala, selikalikoe kapa lisekoere) ho hlalosa hantlelesoba le hlakileng, e thibela khanya e sa laoleheng, 'me e ntlafatsa SNR le boleng ba setšoantšo.

Moo ho sebelisoang lifensetere tse entsoeng ka tšepe

Ka lebaka la bokhoni bona, lifensetere tse entsoeng ka tšepe li sebelisoa hohle moo ho hlokahalang tikoloho:

• Tšireletso le sefofane:ba batlang metsu, litefiso tsa sathelaete, litsamaiso tsa IR tse tsamaisoang ke moea — moo ho thothomela, ho fetella ha mocheso, le EMI e matla e leng tloaelo. Metallization e tlisa tšireletso, tiiso le tšireletso.

• Liindasteri le lipatlisiso tsa maemo a holimo:li-laser tsa matla a phahameng, li-particle detectors, vacuum viewports, cryostats-lisebelisoa tse hlokang boits'oaro bo matla ba vacuum, mamello ea mahlaseli, le likhokahano tse tšepahalang tsa motlakase.

• Saense ea bongaka le bophelo:lisebelisoa tse nang le li-lasers tse kopantsoeng (mohlala, li-cytometers tsa phallo) tse tlamehang ho tiisa sekoti sa laser ha se ntse se ntša beam.

• Lipuisano le maikutlo:fiber-optic modules le li-sensors tsa khase tse ruang molemo ho EMI tšireletso bakeng sa bohloeki ba matšoao.

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa le mekhoa ea khetho

Ha u hlakisa kapa u lekola lifensetere tsa metallized optical, tsepamisa maikutlo ho:

1. Lisebelisoa tsa substrate- E khetha ts'ebetso ea optical le ea 'mele:

• Khalase ea BK7/K9:moruo; e loketseng tse bonahalang.

• Silika e kopantsoeng:phetiso e phahameng ho tloha UV ho ea ho NIR; CTE e tlaase le botsitso bo babatsehang.

• Sapphiree thata ka ho fetesisa, e hloleha ho korotla, e khona ho mamella mocheso o phahameng; Tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea UV-mid-IR libakeng tse thata.

• Si/Ge:haholo-holo bakeng sa lihlopha tsa IR.

2. Aperture e hlakileng (CA)- Sebaka se tiisitsoe ho kopana le lintlha tsa optical. Libaka tse entsoeng ka tšepe hangata li ka ntle (le tse kholo ho feta) CA.

3. Metallization mofuta & botenya-

• Cre atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa li-apertures tse thibelang leseli le e le setsi sa ho khomarela / sa brazing.

• Aue fana ka conductivity e phahameng le khanyetso ea oxidation bakeng sa soldering / brazing.
  Botenya bo tloaelehileng: mashome ho isa ho makholo a nanometer, a etselitsoeng ho sebetsa.

4. Phetiso- Liphesente tse kholo ho feta sehlopha se lebeletsoeng (λ₁–λ₂). Lifensetere tse sebetsang hantle li ka feta99%ka har'a sehlopha sa moralo (se nang le li-coat tse loketseng tsa AR holim'a lesoba le hlakileng).

5. Hermeticity- E bohlokoa bakeng sa lifensetere tse khabisitsoeng; hangata e netefatsoa ka tlhahlobo ea ho lutla ha helium, ka litekanyetso tse thata tsa ho lutla joalo ka<1 × 10⁻⁸ cc/s(atm He).

6. Ho lumellana ha Brazing- Thepa ea tšepe e tlameha ho koloba le ho hokahana hantle le li-filler tse khethiloeng (mohlala, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) le ho mamella ho palama libaesekele tse futhumetseng le khatello ea maikutlo.

7. Boleng ba bokaholimo- Scratch-Dig (mohlala,60-40kapa ho feta); linomoro tse nyane li bonts'a likoli tse fokolang/tse bobebe.

8. Setšoantšo sa bokaholimo- Ho kheloha ha sekhahla, hangata ho hlalosoang ke maqhubu ka bolelele bo fanoeng (mohlala,λ/4, λ/10 @ 632.8 nm); litekanyetso tse nyane li bolela ho bata ho molemo.

Boemo bo tlase

Metallized optical lifensetere li lula haufi letshebetso ya mahloletshebetso ya motjhini/motlakase. Ba fetela ka nģ'ane ho phetiso feela, ba sebeletsa e lelitšitiso tse sireletsang, lithebe tsa EMI, li-interface tsa hermetic, le marokho a motlakase. Ho khetha tharollo e nepahetseng ho hloka thuto ea khoebo ea boemo ba sistimi: Na o hloka conductivity? Brazed hermeticity? Sehlopha sa tšebetso ke eng? Meroalo ea tikoloho e boima hakae? Likarabo li khanna khetho ea substrate, stack metallization, le mokhoa oa ho sebetsa.

Ke hantle motsoako ona oaho nepahala ha microscale(mashome a li-nanometers tsa lifilimi tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka boenjiniere) lemacro-scale robustness(ho sa tsotellehe likhatello tse fapaneng le ho fetoha ho matla ha mocheso) e etsang hore lifensetere tsa metallized optical e be tsa bohlokoa haholo."fensetere e kholo"—ho hokahanya sebaka se bonojoana sa mahlo le maemo a thata ka ho fetisisa a lefatše.