Likristale tsa safire li lengoa ho tloha phofo ea alumina e hloekileng e nang le bohloeki ba> 99.995%, e leng se etsang hore e be sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa tlhokahalo ea alumina ea bohloeki bo phahameng. Li bonts'a matla a phahameng, boima bo phahameng, le thepa ea lik'hemik'hale e tsitsitseng, e ba nolofalletsang ho sebetsa libakeng tse thata tse kang mocheso o phahameng, ho senya le ho ba le tšusumetso. Li sebelisoa haholo ts'ireletso ea naha, theknoloji ea sechaba, microelectronics, le mafapha a mang.
Ho tloha ho phofo ea alumina e hloekileng ho ea ho likristale tsa safire
1. Lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa Sapphire
Lefapheng la ts'ireletso, likristale tsa safire li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lifensetere tsa infrared tsa missile. Ntoa ea sejoale-joale e hloka ho nepahala ho hoholo ha limisaele, 'me fensetere ea infrared Optical ke karolo ea bohlokoa ho fihlela tlhoko ena. Ha ho nahanoa hore metsu e na le mocheso o matla oa moea le tšusumetso nakong ea sefofane se lebelo le holimo, hammoho le libaka tse matla tsa ntoa, radome e tlameha ho ba le matla a phahameng, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso, le bokhoni ba ho mamella khoholeho ea lehlabathe, pula le maemo a mang a mabe a leholimo. Likristale tsa safire, tse nang le phetisetso ea khanya e ntle haholo, lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa mochini, le litšoaneleho tse tsitsitseng tsa lik'hemik'hale, li fetohile lisebelisoa tse loketseng lifensetere tsa infrared tsa missile.
Li-substrates tsa LED li emela ts'ebeliso e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea safire. Lebone la LED le nkoa e le phetoho ea boraro ka mor'a mabone a fluorescent le a bolokang matla. Molao-motheo oa li-LED o kenyelletsa ho fetola matla a motlakase hore e be matla a bobebe. Ha hona joale ho feta semiconductor, masoba le lielektrone lia kopana, li lokolla matla a feteletseng ka mokhoa oa leseli, qetellong li hlahisa leseli. Theknoloji ea LED chip e thehiloe holim'a li-wafers tsa epitaxial, moo lisebelisoa tsa khase li kenngoa ka lera holim'a substrate. Lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa substrate li kenyelletsa li-silicon substrates, li-silicon carbide substrates, le li-sapphire substrates. Har'a tsena, li-sapphire substrates li fana ka melemo e mengata ho feta tse ling tse peli, ho kenyelletsa le botsitso ba lisebelisoa, theknoloji ea ho itokisa e butsoitseng, ho se monye ha leseli le bonahalang, phetisetso e ntle ea leseli, le litšenyehelo tse itekanetseng. Lintlha li bonts'a hore 80% ea lik'hamphani tsa lefats'e tsa LED li sebelisa safire e le thepa ea bona ea substrate.
Ntle le lits'ebetso tse boletsoeng ka holimo, likristale tsa safire li boetse li sebelisoa skrineng sa mehala ea mehala, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, mokhabiso oa mabenyane, hape e le lisebelisoa tsa lifensetere bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo ea mahlale joalo ka lilense le liprism.
2. Boholo ba 'Maraka le Litebello
E tsamaisoa ke ts'ehetso ea leano le maemo a ntseng a eketseha a ts'ebeliso ea li-chips tsa LED, tlhoko ea li-substrates tsa safire le boholo ba 'maraka oa tsona li lebelletsoe ho fihlela kholo ea linomoro tse peli. Ka 2025, palo ea thomello ea likaroloana tsa safire ho hakanngoa hore e tla fihla ho likotoana tse limilione tse 103 (tse fetotsoeng ho li-inch tse 4), e leng keketseho ea 63% ha e bapisoa le 2021, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo (CAGR) sa 13% ho tloha 2021 ho isa 2025. Keketseho ea 108% ha e bapisoa le 2021, e nang le CAGR ea 20% ho tloha 2021 ho ea 2025. E le "selelekela" ho li-substrates, boholo ba 'maraka le mokhoa oa ho hōla oa likristale tsa safire lia bonahala.
3. Tokiso ea Likristale tsa Sapphire
Ho tloha ka 1891, ha setsebi sa k'hemistri sa Lefora Verneuil A. se qapa mokhoa oa ho kopanya lelakabe ho hlahisa likristale tsa maiketsetso tsa majoe ka lekhetlo la pele, thuto ea khōlo ea kristale ea maiketsetso ea safire e nkile lilemo tse fetang lekholo. Nakong ena, tsoelo-pele ea saense le thekenoloji e tsamaisitse lipatlisiso tse pharaletseng mabapi le mekhoa ea ho hōla ha safire ho finyella litlhoko tsa indasteri bakeng sa boleng bo phahameng ba kristale, litekanyetso tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa tšebeliso, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso. Ho hlahile mekhoa le mahlale a macha a fapaneng bakeng sa ho holisa likristale tsa safire, joalo ka mokhoa oa Czochralski, mokhoa oa Kyropoulos, mokhoa o hlalositsoeng ka mokhoa o ikhethileng oa filimi (EFG) le mokhoa oa phapanyetsano ea mocheso (HEM).
3.1 Mokhoa oa Czochralski oa ho Hōlisa Likristale tsa Sapphire
Mokhoa oa Czochralski, o qalileng ke Czochralski J. ka 1918, o boetse o tsejoa e le mokhoa oa Czochralski (o khutsufalitsoeng e le mokhoa oa Cz). Ka 1964, Poladino AE le Rotter BD li ile tsa qala ho sebelisa mokhoa ona ho hōlisa likristale tsa safire. Ho fihlela joale, e hlahisitse palo e kholo ea likristale tsa boleng bo phahameng ba safire. Molao-motheo o kenyelletsa ho qhibiliha lintho tse tala ho etsa ho qhibiliha, ebe o kenya peō e le 'ngoe ea kristale sebakeng se qhibilihisitsoeng. Ka lebaka la phapang ea mocheso ho sebopeho se tiileng-metsi, supercooling e etsahala, e etsa hore ho qhibiliha ho tiee holim'a peō ebe ho qala ho hōla kristale e le 'ngoe e nang le sebopeho sa kristale se tšoanang le peo. Peō e huleloa holimo butle-butle ha e ntse e potoloha ka lebelo le itseng. Ha peō e ntse e huloa, ho qhibiliha butle-butle ho tiea sehokelong, ho etsa kristale e le 'ngoe. Mokhoa ona, o kenyelletsang ho hula kristale ho tsoa ho qhibiliha, ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho lokisetsa likristale tse le' ngoe tsa boleng bo phahameng.
Melemo ea mokhoa oa Czochralski e kenyelletsa: (1) sekhahla sa ho hōla ka potlako, se nolofalletsang ho hlahisa likristale tse le 'ngoe tsa boleng bo phahameng ka nako e khutšoanyane; (2) likristale li hola sebakeng se qhibilihang ntle le ho kopana le lebota la crucible, ka katleho li fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba kristale. Leha ho le joalo, tšitiso e kholo ea mokhoa ona ke bothata ba ho hōlisa likristale tse nang le bophara bo boholo, ho etsa hore e se ke ea tšoaneleha bakeng sa ho hlahisa likristale tse kholo.
3.2 Mokhoa oa Kyropoulos oa ho Hōlisa Likristale tsa Sapphire
Mokhoa oa Kyropoulos, o qapiloeng ke Kyropoulos ka 1926 (e khutsufalitsoeng e le mokhoa oa KY), o arolelana lintho tse tšoanang le mokhoa oa Czochralski. E kenyelletsa ho qoelisa kristale ea peo sebakeng se qhibilihang ebe o e hulela holimo butle ho etsa molala. Hang ha sekhahla sa ho tiisa sehokelong sa melt-seed se tsitsitse, peo ha e sa huloa kapa ho potoloha. Ho e-na le hoo, tekanyo ea ho pholisa e laoloa ho lumella kristale e le 'ngoe hore e tiee butle-butle ho tloha holimo ho ea holimo, qetellong e etsa kristale e le' ngoe.
Ts'ebetso ea Kyropoulos e hlahisa likristale tse nang le boleng bo holimo, bofokoli bo tlase, bo boholo, 'me bo na le litšenyehelo tse ntle.
3.3 Mokhoa oa ho Holisa Filimi-Fed ea Edge-Defined Film-Fed (EFG) bakeng sa ho Hōlisa Likristale tsa Sapphire
Mokhoa oa EFG ke theknoloji ea kholo ea kristale e bōpehileng. Molao-motheo oa eona o kenyelletsa ho beha sebaka se phahameng sa ho qhibiliha ho ba hlobo. Ho qhibiliha ho huleloa ka holimo ho hlobo ka khato ea capillary, moo e kopanang le kristale ea peo. Ha peō e ntse e huloa le ho qhibiliha ho tiisa, ho hlaha kristale e le 'ngoe. Boholo le sebopeho sa moeli oa hlobo li thibela boholo ba kristale. Ka lebaka leo, mokhoa ona o na le meeli e itseng 'me o loketse haholo-holo bakeng sa likristale tsa safire tse bōpehileng joaloka li-tubes le li-profiles tse bōpehileng joaloka U.
3.4 Mokhoa oa ho Fetolana ha Mocheso (HEM) oa ho Hōlisa Likristale tsa Sapphire
Mokhoa oa ho fapanyetsana mocheso bakeng sa ho lokisetsa likristale tsa safire tsa boholo bo boholo o qapiloe ke Fred Schmid le Dennis ka 1967. Tsamaiso ea HEM e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea mocheso oa mocheso, taolo e ikemetseng ea mocheso oa mocheso ho qhibiliha le kristale, le ho laola hantle. E hlahisa habonolo likristale tsa safire tse nang le dislocation e tlase le tse kholo.
Melemo ea mokhoa oa HEM e kenyelletsa ho ba sieo ha ho sisinyeha ha crucible, crystal, le heater nakong ea kholo, ho felisa liketso tse hulang tse kang tsa mekhoa ea Kyropoulos le Czochralski. Sena se fokotsa ho kena-kenana le batho le ho qoba likoli tsa kristale tse bakoang ke ho sisinyeha ha mechine. Ho feta moo, sekhahla sa ho pholisa se ka laoloa ho fokotsa khatello ea mocheso le ho baka ho phatloha ha kristale le liphoso tsa ho kheloha. Mokhoa ona o thusa ho hola ha likristale tse boholo bo boholo, ho bonolo ho sebetsa, 'me o na le litebello tse ts'episang tsa nts'etsopele.
E sebelisa tsebo e tebileng ea kholo ea kristale ea safire le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng, XKH e fana ka litharollo tsa "sapphire wafer" tsa ho qetela tse etselitsoeng ts'ireletso, LED le lisebelisoa tsa optoelectronics. Ntle le safire, re fana ka lisebelisoa tse ngata tse sebetsang hantle tsa semiconductor tse kenyelletsang liphaephe tsa silicon carbide (SiC), liphaephe tsa silicon, likarolo tsa ceramic tsa SiC, le lihlahisoa tsa quartz. Re netefatsa boleng bo ikhethang, ts'epo, le ts'ehetso ea tekheniki ho lisebelisoa tsohle, ho thusa bareki ho fihlela ts'ebetso e tsoetseng pele lits'ebetsong tse tsoetseng pele tsa indasteri le lipatlisiso.
Nako ea poso: Aug-29-2025