Bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, disebediswa tsa elektroniki tse kang di-smartphone le di-smartwatches di fetohile metswalle ya bohlokwa. Disebediswa tsena di ntse di fokola le ho feta empa di le matla le ho feta. Na o kile wa ipotsa hore na ke eng e thusang ho tswela pele ha tsona? Karabo e hodima thepa ya semiconductor, mme kajeno, re tsepamisa maikutlo ho e nngwe ya tse hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa hara tsona—kristale ya safire.
Kristale ea safire, e entsoeng haholo-holo ka α-Al₂O₃, e na le liathomo tse tharo tsa oksijene le liathomo tse peli tsa aluminium tse kopantsoeng ka bonngoe, li etsa sebopeho sa lattice sa mahlakore a tšeletseng. Le hoja e shebahala e tšoana le safire ea boleng ba mahakoe, likristale tsa safire tsa indasteri li hatisa ts'ebetso e phahameng. Kaha ha e na lik'hemik'hale, ha e qhibilihe metsing 'me e hanela li-acid le alkali, e sebetsa e le "thebe ea lik'hemik'hale" e bolokang botsitso libakeng tse thata. Ho feta moo, e bontša ponaletso e ntle ea optical, e lumellang phetiso e sebetsang hantle ea leseli; conductivity e matla ea mocheso, e thibelang ho chesa haholo; le insulation e ikhethang ea motlakase, e netefatsang phetiso e tsitsitseng ea lets'oao ntle le ho lutla. Ka mokhoa oa mechini, safire e ithorisa ka thata ea Mohs ea 9, ea bobeli ho daemane, e etsang hore e se ke ea senyeha le ho khoholeha ha mobu haholo - e loketse lits'ebetso tse thata.
Sebetsa sa Sephiri Tlhahisong ea Li-chip
(1) Thepa ea Bohlokoa bakeng sa Li-Chip tse Matla a Tlase
Ha elektroniki e ntse e sekamela ho miniaturization le tshebetsong e phahameng, di-chip tse nang le matla a tlase di fetohile tsa bohlokwa. Di-chip tsa setso di na le bothata ba ho senyeha ha insulation botenya ba nanoscale, e leng se lebisang ho dutleng ha hajwale, tshebediso e eketsehileng ya matla, le ho tjhesa haholo, e leng se behang botsitso le nako ya bophelo kotsing.
Bafuputsi Setsing sa Shanghai sa Microsystem le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseling (SIMIT), Setsi sa Mahlale sa Chaena, ba hlahisitse li-wafer tsa dielectric tsa sapphire tsa maiketsetso ba sebelisa theknoloji ea oxidation e kopantsoeng ka tšepe, ba fetola aluminium ea kristale e le 'ngoe hore e be alumina ea kristale e le 'ngoe (sapphire). Ka botenya ba 1 nm, thepa ena e bonts'a phallo ea metsi e tlase haholo, e sebetsa ho feta dielectric tse tloaelehileng tse sa fetoheng ka tatellano e 'meli ea boholo phokotsong ea bongata ba mmuso le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba sebopeho ka li-semiconductor tsa 2D. Ho kopanya sena le thepa ea 2D ho nolofalletsa li-chip tse nang le matla a tlase, ho eketsa bophelo ba betri haholo ho li-smartphone le ho ntlafatsa botsitso lits'ebetsong tsa AI le IoT.
(2) Molekane ea Phethahetseng oa Gallium Nitride (GaN)
Lefapheng la semiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) e hlahile e le naleli e benyang ka lebaka la melemo ea eona e ikhethang. Joaloka thepa ea semiconductor e nang le lekhalo le leholo e nang le lekhalo la 3.4 eV—e kholo haholo ho feta 1.1 eV ea silicon—GaN e ipabola lits'ebetsong tsa mocheso o phahameng, motlakase o phahameng le maqhubu a phahameng. Ho tsamaea ha eona ka matla a maholo a elektrone le matla a tšimo a ho senyeha ho hoholo ho e etsa hore e be thepa e loketseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse nang le matla a phahameng, mocheso o phahameng, maqhubu a phahameng le khanya e phahameng. Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa motlakase, lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho GaN li sebetsa maqhubung a phahameng ka tšebeliso e tlase ea matla, li fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng phetohong ea matla le tsamaiso ea matla. Lipuisanong tsa microwave, GaN e nolofalletsa likarolo tse nang le matla a phahameng, maqhubu a phahameng joalo ka li-amplifier tsa matla a 5G, e ntlafatsa boleng ba phetisetso ea lets'oao le botsitso.
Kristale ea safire e nkoa e le "molekane ea phethahetseng" bakeng sa GaN. Le hoja ho se lumellane ha eona le GaN ho phahame ho feta ha silicon carbide (SiC), li-substrate tsa safire li bontša ho se lumellane ho fokolang ha mocheso nakong ea epitaxy ea GaN, e leng se fanang ka motheo o tsitsitseng oa kholo ea GaN. Ho phaella moo, ho tsamaisa mocheso ho babatsehang ha safire le ho pepeseha ha optical ho nolofalletsa ho qhala ha mocheso ka katleho lisebelisoa tsa GaN tse matla haholo, ho netefatsa botsitso ba ts'ebetso le katleho e ntle ea tlhahiso ea leseli. Thepa ea eona e phahameng ea ho thibela motlakase e fokotsa tšitiso ea lets'oao le tahlehelo ea matla. Motsoako oa safire le GaN o lebisitse nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle, ho kenyeletsoa le li-LED tse thehiloeng ho GaN, tse laolang limmaraka tsa mabone le lipontšo - ho tloha ho li-bulb tsa LED tsa malapa ho ea ho li-skrini tse kholo tsa kantle - hammoho le li-diode tsa laser tse sebelisoang puisanong ea optical le ts'ebetsong ea laser e nepahetseng.
Sejana sa XKH sa GaN-on-saphire
Ho Atolosa Meeli ea Likopo tsa Semiconductor
(1) “Thebe” Ditshebedisong tsa Sesole le tsa Difofane
Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang sesoleng le libakeng tsa lifofane hangata li sebetsa tlas'a maemo a feteletseng. Sebakeng, lifofa-sebakeng li mamella mocheso o batlang o le lefela, mahlaseli a matla a bokahohle, le liphephetso tsa tikoloho e se nang letho. Ha e le hantle, lifofane tsa sesole li tobana le mocheso o fetang 1,000°C ka lebaka la ho futhumala ha moea nakong ea ho fofa ka lebelo le phahameng, hammoho le meroalo e phahameng ea mechini le tšitiso ea motlakase.
Thepa e ikhethang ea kristale ea safire e etsa hore e be thepa e loketseng bakeng sa likarolo tsa bohlokoa masimong ana. Khanyetso ea eona e ikhethang ea mocheso o phahameng—e mamella ho fihlela ho 2,045°C ha e ntse e boloka botsitso ba sebopeho—e netefatsa ts'ebetso e tšepahalang tlas'a khatello ea mocheso. Ho thatafala ha eona ha mahlaseli ho boetse ho boloka ts'ebetso libakeng tsa bokahohle le tsa nyutlelie, ho sireletsa ka katleho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse bonolo. Litšobotsi tsena li lebisitse tšebelisong e pharaletseng ea safire lifensetereng tsa infrared (IR) tsa mocheso o phahameng. Litsamaisong tsa tataiso ea limisaele, lifensetere tsa IR li tlameha ho boloka ho hlaka ha optical tlas'a mocheso o feteletseng le lebelo ho netefatsa hore sepheo se fumanoa hantle. Lifensetere tsa IR tse thehiloeng ho safire li kopanya botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso le phetisetso e phahameng ea IR, e ntlafatsa haholo ho nepahala ha tataiso. Sefofaneng sa lifofane, safire e sireletsa litsamaiso tsa optical tsa sathelaete, e nolofalletsang ho nka litšoantšo tse hlakileng maemong a thata a potoloho.
XKH'slifensetere tsa mahlo tsa safire
(2) Motheo o Mocha oa Li-Superconductor le Microelectronics
Ho superconductivity, safire e sebetsa e le substrate ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lifilimi tse tšesaane tse tsamaisang superconducting, tse nolofalletsang ho tsamaisa motlakase ho se nang khanyetso—ho fetola phetiso ea motlakase, literene tsa maglev, le litsamaiso tsa MRI. Lifilimi tse tsamaisang superconducting tse sebetsang hantle li hloka substrate tse nang le meaho e tsitsitseng ea lattice, 'me ho lumellana ha safire le thepa e kang magnesium diboride (MgB₂) ho lumella kholo ea lifilimi tse nang le khatello e matlafalitsoeng ea hona joale le matla a makenete a bohlokoa. Mohlala, likhoele tsa motlakase tse sebelisang lifilimi tse tsamaisang superconducting tse tšehetsoang ke safire li ntlafatsa haholo katleho ea phetiso ka ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla.
Ho di-microelectronic, di-substrate tsa safire tse nang le di-crystallographic tse ikgethang—tse kang R-plane (<1-102>) le A-plane (<11-20>)—di nolofalletsa di-silicon epitaxial tse ikgethileng bakeng sa dipotoloho tse integrated tse tswetseng pele (di-IC). Safirate ya R-plane e fokotsa diphoso tsa kristale ho di-IC tse lebelo le hodimo, e leng se eketsang lebelo la tshebetso le botsitso, ha thepa ya A-plane safira le permittivity e tshwanang di ntlafatsa microelectronics tse kopantsweng le kopanyo ya superconductor ya mocheso o hodimo. Di-substrate tsena di tshehetsa di-chip tsa mantlha ho meralo ya motheo ya dikhomphutha le ya puisano e sebetsang hantle.
XKH'sAWafer ea lN-on-NPSS
Bokamoso ba Kristale ea Sapphire ho Li-semiconductors
Sapphire e se e bontšitse bohlokoa bo boholo ho pholletsa le li-semiconductor, ho tloha tlhahisong ea li-chip ho ea ho li-aerospace le li-superconductor. Ha theknoloji e ntse e tsoela pele, karolo ea eona e tla atoloha le ho feta. Bohlaleng ba maiketsetso, li-chip tse matla a tlase tse tšehetsoang ke safire li tla tsamaisa tsoelo-pele ea AI tlhokomelong ea bophelo bo botle, lipalangoang le lichelete. Ho k'homphieutha ea quantum, thepa ea thepa ea safire e e beha e le mokhethoa ea tšepisang bakeng sa kopanyo ea qubit. Ho sa le joalo, lisebelisoa tsa GaN-on-sapfire li tla fihlela litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa lisebelisoa tsa puisano tsa 5G/6G. Ha re ntse re tsoela pele, safire e tla lula e le lejoe la motheo la boqapi ba semiconductor, e matlafatsa tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea batho.
Sejana sa epitaxial sa GaN-on-sapphire sa XKH
XKH e fana ka lifensetere tsa optical tsa safire tse entsweng ka nepo le ditharollo tsa wafer tsa GaN-on-sapphire bakeng sa ditshebediso tsa sejoale-joale. Re sebedisa mahlale a kgutso ya kristale le nanoscale polishing, re fana ka difensetere tsa safire tse bataletseng haholo tse nang le phetiso e ikgethang ho tloha ho UV ho ya ho IR spectra, e loketseng bakeng sa ditsamaiso tsa sefofane, tshireletso le laser tse matla haholo.
Nako ea poso: Mmesa-18-2025